1 чтец: В 1945 году майский салют прозвучал гимном славы народу – победителю и воинам – освободителям. Самая страшная в истории человечества война завершилась победой наших дедов. Это героическое противостояние крепили своим мужеством и наши земляки. На фронты Великой Отечественной  ушли более 30 тысяч каменцев.

 

«Никто не забыт и ничто не забыто». Эта знакомая фраза в настоящее время вновь обретает чрезвычайную актуальность. Мы не можем допустить, чтобы идущие нам на смену поколения были «Иванами, не помнящими родства».

 

Легендарные имена героев фронта и тыла не должны быть преданы забвению.

 

2 чтец: May solute sounded as a hymn, and it was devoted to the nation which debated and warrior who liberated many countries ended by the victory of our grandfathers’. Our countrymen reinforced this heroic resistance. More than 30 thousand citizens of our town went to the front of the Great Patriotic War.

 

“Nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten”. This traditional phrase which was a motor of the Soviet epoch, becomes extremely topical at present time. We can’t admit our future generations to be rear people not remembering their relationship.

 

The legendary heroes’ names of the front and rear mustn’t be considered to oblivition.

2 чтец: Абрамов Илья Васильевич

 

26 июля 1922 года родился в селе Черемховском Каменского района Свердловской области, в семье строителя. Окончил школу ФЗО в городе Асбесте. Работал в Каменске – Уральском на заводе обработки цветных металлов. В июле 1942 года ушел на фронт. Воевал под Воронежем, Сумами, Киевом, в Карпатах. Ранен под Киевом. В 1944 году приезжал на побывку домой. Дошел до Берлина. Сержант, служил в 180-м отдельном саперном батальоне 167-й стрелковой Сумско – Киевской дважды Краснознаменной дивизии. 10 января 1944 года присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза за мужество и умение, проявленные при освобождении Киева (за сутки обезвредил около 5 000 мин). 19 августа 1946 года погиб в Берлине в автомобильной катастрофе. Похоронен в городе Галле.

 

3 чтец: Abramov Ilya Vasilyevich

 

Abramov Ilya Vasilyevich was born on the 26th of July, in the village Cheremhovskoye, Sverdlovsk region, in the family of builder. He left a part-time school of factory workers in Asbest. After that he worked at Kamensk – Uralsky Metallurgical Plant. In July 1942 he went to the front. He was at war under Voronezh, Sumi, Kiev, in Karpati. One day he was wounded under Kiev. In 1944 he went home on furlough. The last time where he was at war was Berlin.

 

Abramov was a sergeant. He served in 180th sapper battalion of 167th infantry division, which was rewarded twice with the order of the Red Banner.

On the 10th of January 1944 he received the order of the Hero of the Soviet Union for his courage and skill showed during the liberation of Kiev (within day and night he rendered about 5 thousand mines).

He died on the 19th of August 1946 in a car accident. He was buried in Galla.

 

3 чтец: Кадочников Иван Петрович 

 

19 июля 1911 родился в Пермской области. С 1935 по июнь 1941 работал электросварщиком в Каменске – Уральском. В июне 1941 ушел на фронт. Воевал в составе 86-го отдельного гвардейского саперного батальона 77-й гвардейской стрелковой дивизии и в составе 35-й Радомской Краснознаменной ордена Суворова инженерно – саперной бригады под Сталинградом, в районе Орла, Чернигова, на Днепре и в Германии. Член КПСС. Ранен и контужен. Награжден орденами Отечественной войны II степени, Красной Звезды и 4-мя медалями. 15 января 1944 присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза за отвагу и мужество, проявленные при форсировании Днепра. После увольнения из Советской Армии в августе 1945 года работал мастером электросварки на УАЗе в Каменске – Уральском. Потом переехал в Брестскую область. Умер в 1967 году. 

 

4 чтец: Kadochnikov Ivan Petrovich

 

He was born in 1911 (19 July) in Permskiy region. Since 1935 to 1941 he was working as a power-worker in Kamensk – Uralsky. In 1941 he went away to the front-line. He was at war in a staff of the 86th sapper guard battalion in the 77th guard shooting division and in a staff of the 35th Radomskiy Krasnoznamennoy order of Suvorov’s field-engineer brigade under Stalingrad, in the regions such as Orel, Chernigov, on the Dnepr and in Germany. He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was wounded and shell-shocked. He received the orders of the Patriotic War, the Red Star and 4 medals. On the 15th of January 1944 he was rewarded the order of the Hero of the Soviet Union for his bravery and courage. When he had left the Soviet Army in 1945 he worked as a master of electric welding at the Aluminum Plant in Kamensk – Uralsky. Then he moved to the Brest region. He died in 1967.

 

4 чтец: Кунавин Григорий Павлович

 

24 января 1903 года родился в селе Байны Богдановичского района Свердловской области, в семье крестьянина. Окончил сельскую школу, работал в хозяйстве отца. С 1924 по 1927 служил в Советской Армии. Член КПСС. Перед Великой Отечественной войной работал на станции Синарская. В октябре 1941 года ушел на фронт. Воевал на Юго – Западном фронте, под Москвой, участвовал в боях за Орел, за Курск, за освобождение Белоруссии и Польши. Был помощником командира стрелкового взвода 1021-го стрелкового полка 307 стрелковой Новозыбковской дивизии, парторгом роты. 26 июля 1944 года погиб в бою за польскую деревню Герасимовичи, повторив подвиг А. Матросова (закрыл своим телом амбразуру вражеского дзота). Похоронен в Польше. В 1944 году стал почетным гражданином польской деревни Герасимовичи. 24 марта 1945 посмертно присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза. В деревне Герасимовичи установлена мраморная плита с именем Кунавина. Имя его присвоено школе в Герасимовичах, а также железнодорожному разъезду близ Каменска –Уральского, школе и улице в Каменске – Уральском. 9 мая 1965 года был установлен памятник в Каменске – Уральском. 9 сентября 1967 года на здании школы № 60 открыта мемориальная доска с именем Г. П. Кунавина.

 

5 чтец: Kunavin Gregory Pavlovich

 

The name of G. P. Kunavin will be kept in memories of people forever. He followed the heroic action of Alexander Matrosov. On 25th July 1942 soldiers and ephreitor Gregory Kunavin had got the order to help to make free the Polish village Gerasimovichi from the enemy. Beforehand Kunavin had collected the communists and had explained the task. They passed the first hundred meters. But they couldn’t move further because of machine-gun. The Russian soldiers could do nothing, and Gregory Kunavin went first. Kunavin used his own body to save the people. His heroism helped the others. All soldiers rose in attack. The inhabitants of Gerasimovichi were free and thanked the Russians. Gregory Pavlovich was awarded the order of the Hero of the Soviet Union. School number 60 and one of the raiway stations in Kamensk – Uralsky have his name. There is also the monument to this man in our town. 

 

5 чтец: Мещерягин Михаил Николаевич

 

14 ноября 1914 родился в селе Троицком Каменского района Свердловской области. Учился на строительных курсах в Свердловске. После окончания курсов работал в Краснотурьинске. С 1936 по 1939 и с июля 1941 по октябрь 1944 служил в Советской Армии. Участвовал в боях с японцами у озера Хасан.

 

В феврале 1943 начал воевать с немцами. Принимал участие в боях под Сталинградом. Был командиром орудия 2-й батареи 4-го гвардейского воздушно-десантного артиллерийского полка 1-й гвардейской воздушно-десантной Звенигородско-Бухарестской ордена Суворова дивизии.

 

Член КПСС. Награжден орденом Славы III степени. В октябре 1944 погиб в бою за город Карцаг (Венгрия). 24 марта 1945 посмертно присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза (вдвоем с Николенко отражали танковую атаку фашистов). Именем М. И. Мещерягина названа улица в городе Краснотурьинске. На доме, где он жил, установлена мемориальная доска. На площади в центре Карцага, где похоронены советские солдаты, установлен памятник – обелиск. На нем высечено и имя М. И. Мещерягина.

 

6 чтец: Mestcherjagin Michail Nikolaevich 

 

He was born in Troitsky village of Kamensky district of Sverdlovsk region, on the 14th of November 1914. He studied at building courses in Sverdlovsk. On finishing the courses he worked in Krasnoturinsk. From 1936 to 1939 and from July of 1941 to October of 1944 Michail Mestcherjagin served in Soviet Army. He fought against Japanese near the Hasan lake.

 

In February 1943 he began to fight with fascists, participated in battle under Stalingrad. Mestcherjagin was a commander of the battery of air-landing troops. He was perished in the battle for Kartsag, Hungary. On 24th of March 1945 he was awarded with the honorary title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

 

There is a street in Krasnoturinsk which is called after Mestcherjagin. And on the house he lived in there is a memorial board. On the square in the centre of Kartsag, in the place where the Russian soldiers are buried, there is a memorial. The name of Mestcherjagin is inserted there too.

 

6 чтец: Чергин Виктор Степанович

 

26 апреля 1921 родился в селе Маминском Каменского района Свердловской области, в семье рабочего. Окончил 5 классов начальной школы. Работал слесарем на Уралмашзаводе. В 1942 начал службу в Советской Армии. Воевал на Курской дуге, под Харьковом, Днепре и Днестре. Был командиром взвода автоматчиков 69-го гвардейского танкового полка 21-й гвардейской механизированной бригады 1-й гвардейской танковой армии. Член КПСС. Дважды ранен. 26 апреля 1944 присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза за взятие переправы через Днестр.

 

Награжден орденом Красной Звезды и медалями. Войну окончил младшим лейтенантом. После войны жил в Свердловске, работал мастером на Уралмаше.

 

7 чтец: Chergin Victor Stepanovich

 

He was born on the 26th of April, 1921 in the village of Maminskoe Sverdlovsk region in the family of a worker. He left only five forms of the primary school. He worked as a locksmith at Uralmash Plant. In 1942 he joined the Soviet Army. He was at war at Arc of Kursk, under Kharkov, Dnepr and Dnestr. He was a commander of squad of tommygunners of the 69th Guard regiment of the 21st Guard mechanized brigade of the 1st Guard tank army. He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was wounded twice. On the 26th of April 1944 he was conferred upon Hero of the Soviet Union.

 

Звучит фонозапись стихотворения «Жди меня» на русском языке в исполнении Константина Симонова. 7 чтец читает стихотворение “Wait for Me” на английском языке.

 

1 чтец: «Дымилась роща под горою

                          И вместе с ней горел закат, 

                          Нас оставалось только трое 

                          Из восемнадцати ребят…»

В исполнении студентов музыкального отделения под сопровождение фортепиано звучит песня «На безымянной высоте» на английском языке – “Height without a name”. Все выступающие и зрители хором поют припев “Beside that strange and distant village, Upon height there without a name” (twice).

Затем выступают «внуки» ветеранов уральских заводов.

8 чтец: People died not only in the front but also at their working places at the factories in the distant Ural towns. They suffered from hunger and cold.

«Внуки» ветеранов уральских заводов: We are grandchildren of the veterans of the Ural Plants. Today we’d like to speak about the plants at which our grandmothers and grandfathers had been working during the Great Patriotic War.

6 чтец из группы «солдат» читает на английском языке письмо из тыла.

“Hello, my dear sister Ann! Your younger sister Kate is writing to you. I would like to tell you some words about our life.

Our mother is working in the hospital. She is a nurse like you. She works hard and I see that she is sick and tired. We haven’t any news about our father. And I see that mother cries every night but I can do nothing. But I help her. I look after our brother Borya. He is small, he is five. He wants to eat every time, because we get 125 grammas of bread and mother gets 250 grammas. But she gives half of her bread Borya. And I’m 14. I am working at Aluminum Plant. All young people work 14 hours a day. But we have to work, to help our families and country to win a victory.

Ann, I believe that you and our father will come back and we will be together. Ann, you must believe that everything will be well.

Best wishes, your sister Kate.  The 26th of September, 1943.

Группа «солдат» уходит в зал к зрителям. Начинается 2-е отделение вечера: «Тыл – заводы Урала».

8 чтец: The German troops advanced to the western industrialized regions of the USSR.  Soon they captured a considerable part of the economic centers and were poised to attack entire industrial regions.

The Soviet government realized that industrial enterprises should be quickly converted to military production and moved eastwards, away from the advancing German army.

On July 3, 1941 Stalin’s speech on converting industry to work for the front was broadcast by Soviet radio stations. Industrial companies’ motto was: “Everything for the front, everything for the Victory!” The Soviet people realized the importance of the defense industry. But soldiers were needed too, and industry continued to lose its labor force. To rectify this situation, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree which stopped the enlistment of specialists and skilled workers.

There was an acute shortage of labor. Women and children had to stand at machines; some children worked while standing on wooden boxes because they were too small. Everyone knew that Nazi army would not spare anyone. It was a matter of survival for many nations. If men went to the front, women and children took their places at plants and factories.

Evacuation added problems. The Evacuation Council did back-breaking work and by the end of 1941 as much as 80 percent of the defense companies were moved to the Volga Region, the Urals, Eastern and Western Siberia and Kazakhstan.

9 чтец: Sverdlovsk Region is the Industrial Heart of Russia 

By the time of the Nazi invasion to the Soviet Union, Sverdlovsk was already a rather well developed industrial center. During the war, hundreds of industrial enterprises were relocated there to begin work in the open air, turning out what the army required. Ural factories produced tanks, munitions, antiaircraft and self-propelled artillery, and other military hardware including the world-famous “ Katyusha” self-propelled salvo rocket launcher.

In addition, Sverdlovsk Region formed a volunteer tank corps. Ural workers raised the money to buy the tanks which carried crews made up mainly of our fellow countrymen to take them to Berlin. Today one can see the tanks in Privokzalnaya Square in Ekaterinburg, the regional center. They serve as a monument dedicated to the heroic deeds of Sverdlovsk tankmen.

During the war, youth front teams initiated labor contests at Sverdlovsk enterprises; the campaign gradually spread across the country. Many people who selflessly worked for the cause of the victory are still alive.

Sverdlovsk Region’s industrial potential is so strong that even now, while Russia is living through a hard period of transition to a market-based economy, the drop in the region’s industrial output in 1994 was less substantial than the Russian average.

10 чтец: Ural Transport Machine Building Works

On the second day of the war. which was a serious test for the Ural Transport Machine-Building Works (Uraltransmash), the workers started casting shells for company mortars. The monthly orders for air bomb steel cases produced following the Finnish campaign were twice exceeded. In late June of 1941, the works took up the production of mortars.

 

In late 1941, its capacity increased due to the arrival of the evacuated facilities from Moscow and Moscow Region. On December 15, the Ural and Moscow workers turned out the first tank, and on January 1, 1942 a batch of 20 T-60 tanks drove along the streets of Sverdlovsk, bearing a poster that read: “These tanks have been made in the Urals”. In 1942 the works managed to produce a total of 1,158 tanks. Along with that, the works continued the production of artillery shells. During the Great Patriotic War the mid-sized works was transformed into a large industrial enterprise having advanced technology.

11 чтец: Ural Electrotyazmash

During the war, facilities were relocated from Leningrad, Kharkov, Voronezh and Bryansk to the Uralelektrotyazhmash plant where they soon began operation. In November 1941 the plant received an order to produce the Katyusha self-propelled rocket gun. It took a mere 45 days to implement this, and in January 1942 the first batch departed from Uralelektrotyazhmash. The guns were mounted on Soviet ZIS trucks mid U.S.-made Studebuckers. A total of 1,751 self-propelled guns were produced during the war, and 20 percent of them came from Uralelektrotyazhmash. Several Katyusha batches were produced for the Stalingrad front on Joseph Stalin’s personal order. The Order of the Red Banner of Labor, awarded to the plant, marked its contribution to the production of Katyushas. In the plant’s museum, one can find original orders issued “during the Great Patriotic War, establishing an 11-hour working day and introducing a no-leave regime”.

In addition to the rocket launchers, the plant manufactured trenching spades, company mortars, artillery shells and shells for the Katyushas. It was a hard period. The workers worked 11 hours a day and had a day off once every month. From the beginning of the war, all vacations were canceled. This is  how the victory was won.  

12 чтец: Ural Aluminum Works

The Ural Aluminum Works (UAW) produced its first aluminum on September 5, 1939, and it worked in peaceful conditions for less than two years. As a result of the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Volkhov and Dnepropetrovsky aluminum works were destroyed, as well as the Tikhvin alumina factory. The Soviet industry thus lost over a half of its alumina and aluminum production capacity, and all the facilities that used to produce silicon and the silumin alloy (aluminum and silicon) used in the aircraft, tank and tractor industries, were completely lost.

In August 1941, the Ural Aluminum Works remained the only enterprise that produced aluminum for the Soviet defense industry, while German’s military machine relied on all the European continental aluminum producers. This was the beginning of the second heroic stage in the works’ history.

The State Defense Committee demanded that output of alumina and aluminum be sharply increased. It was hard to implement the order, primarily because the alumina workshop was still under construction and the technology had not been tested.

Yet, in the fall of 1941 the second stage of the alumina shop came into operation, and its construction took a mere three months. On December 31, 1941 the electric thermal shop turned out its first crystal silicon. The electrolytic shop immediately started the production of silumin at its casting section. New aluminum producing facilities considerably broadened the Ural Aluminum Works’ opportunities.

In peaceful conditions it would have taken at least a year to assemble and put into operation the first rotating furnace for alumina rolling. In 1941 two furnaces were put onto operation in 150 days. The erection of a mercury transforming unit took 16 months before the war but during the war this work was completed in 18 days. The second alumina shop with involved equipment was built, mounted and prepared for operation in 10 months, instead of four years. The world had never seen that rate before.

Workers clearly realized what aluminum meant for the defense industry, and they worked without sleep or rest.

Besides, Ural Aluminum Works employees donated 2,258,000 rubles for the construction of a fighter squadron, Ural Aluminum Producer, and brought out extra aluminum for that purpose.

Heroic and selfless labor of the employees in 1941 – 1945 allowed the increase of the output of aluminum by 5.3 times, of alumina by 5.7 times, and of anode matter by 5.2 times over 1940 levels.

Orders and medals were awarded to over 9,000 employees for heroic labor during the war.

 

13 чтец: Uralmash Works

On July 3, 1927 the USSR Council of Labor and Defense made a special decision to build a nationally significant heavy engineering works in the Urals. On September 6, 1927 the Council specified a construction site on the outskirts of Sverdlovsk. The drafting of the project began a year before that, in 1926. In 1928 the laying of the corner stone ceremony took place, and five years later the Uralmash works manufactured its first products.

Before the Great Patriotic War, Uralmash produced equipment that was used in the construction of the country’s 18 largest blast furnaces which yielded nearly half of the national pig iron output. Besides this, 13 rolling mills, 70 presses, 170 hammer mills and grinders, 142 cranes, and 12 stripping power shovels manufactured by Uralmash were in operation throughout the country.

Along with that, Uralmash forged military hardware, artillery systems of all kinds, and components for aircraft and navy combat. In 1939 the works began the manufacture of 122-mm howitzers. Specialists say this was the best howitzer of World War II. It is still operational in the armies of a number of countries.

In August 1941, Uralmash, which had never before processed armor, started supplying armored tank bodies for the tank industry. A total of 605 armored bodies had been turned out by late December 1941.

In March 1942, along with the production of armored bodies for heavy-gun tanks, Uralmash began turning out armored bodies for the T-34 tank. And when the Stalingrad Tractor Works found itself in imminent danger during the war, Uralmash appealed to the government suggesting that they master the whole of the T-34 production cycle. The government agreed. On July 28, 1942 the State Defense Committee instructed the Uralmash leadership to organize the production of medium tanks by September 1942. The first 15 Uralmash-made tanks were sent to the front on schedule. On the whole, the works produced a total of 706 T-34 tanks.

In December 1942 the works was the first in the country to shift to the production of self-propelled guns. Uralmash’s cannons were mounted on T-34 tank carriages. The following types of self-propelled artillery were produced by the works during the war: SU-122, SU-85, and SU-100. All self-propelled artillery was designed by Uralmash specialists led by chief designer Lev Gorlitsky.

During the war, Uralmash was the only factory producing self-propelled guns based on medium tanks. Despite their rather small size, the SU-85 and SU-100 had very powerful weapons and proved extremely efficient as destroyers of tanks, including the heavy Tiger tanks. Military specialists say that the SU-100 was the best self-propelled gun of World War II. The last SU-100, produced by Uralmash, was mounted on a pedestal in the works yard.

In 1944, Uralmash took up the production of armored bodies and turrets for the IS-2 heavy tank, and later, the IS-3, and the so-called “hunters”, the ISU-152 heavy self-propelled guns assembled by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Works.        

Over the four years of the war, Uralmash produced 5,521 armored vehicles (tanks and self-propelled guns) and 21,207 armored bodies for tanks and self-propelled guns.

14 чтец: Vysokogorsky Mechanical Works

Like many enterprises during the war, the works focused on military products. From 1941 to 1945, the Vysokogorsky mechanical works turned out 7 million shells of various calibers, mainly intended for self-propelled rocket launchers.

Workers produced up to 10, 12 and even 26 times the norm per shift. But they provided assistance to the army not only with their selfless labor. In the fall of 1942 they gathered warm clothes for the army, and donated valuables and money to the defense fund. The works initiated fund raising for the Tagil Worker tank unit. The Prozhektor tank was built with the money earned after work shifts. The tank crew heroically fought with the 19th Guards Tank Brigade on the Stalingrad front.

Workers, engineers and technicians, like all Soviet people, were swept with patriotic enthusiasm. The slogan “Everything for the Front, Everything for the Victory” became the guiding principle for Vysokogorsky workers. Women stood in for their husbands and brothers called up to the army, teenagers also worked selflessly. Many skilled workers operated several machines at a time. 

8 чтец: All Russian people – the men, the women, the children gave their health and lives to win. The victory did come! Let’s remember our countrymen who perished at the fronts and in the rear with the minute of silence: Nobody is forgotten. Nothing is forgotten.

Выступающий из группы «солдат» зажигает свечи.

Минута молчания.

10 чтец: Let’s sing together the most popular song of those war years “Katyusha”. Все участники вечера, выступающие и зрители, поют «Катюшу» на английском языке. 

 

                                Литература:

Passport to the New World. – 1995. – May – June. – P. 90 – 101.

Все для фронта, все для победы // Каменск – Уральский – город на Исети. – Свердловск, 1967. – С. 69 – 80.

Герои земли Каменской: Рекомендательные библиографические списки литературы. – Каменск – Уральский: ЦГБ им. А. С. Пушкина, 2005.

Говорухин А. Фронтовики – наша гордость / А. Говорухин // Каменский рабочий. – 1965. – 17 апреля. – С. 3.

Никифоров С. Подвиг наших земляков / С. Никифоров // Каменский рабочий. – 1965. – 10 апреля. - С. 3.